India signs ‘mother of all’ trade deal with EU

New Delhi: India and the European Union have inked a landmark free trade agreement, a deal being hailed as the “mother of all” pacts. It promises duty-free access for over 90 per cent of Indian goods, integrates a market of nearly two billion consumers, and accounts for around a quarter of global GDP.

Commerce secretary Rajesh Agrawal confirmed negotiators had concluded an “ambitious, balanced, forward-looking and mutually beneficial” agreement. Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced the signing on Tuesday during a summit with European Council President Antonio Costa and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, who were chief guests at India’s Republic Day celebrations.

The deal is expected to turbocharge India-EU trade, particularly in labour-intensive sectors such as textiles, leather, chemicals, electronics and jewellery—industries that have long struggled to compete with duty-free imports from least developed countries.

The pact also sends a signal beyond Europe. The US, uneasy over India’s oil trade with Russia amid the Ukraine conflict, has taken notice. Analysts say the FTA positions India as a counterweight to protectionist policies that rattled global trade under Donald Trump.

“This is a perfect example of a partnership between two major economies…representing 25 per cent of global GDP and a third of world trade,” Modi said, adding that the deal reinforces shared commitments to democracy and the rule of law.

Negotiations, relaunched in June 2022 after nearly a decade-long hiatus, now yield a pact that could redefine global commerce—India and Europe are not just trading partners, they are rewriting the rules of the game.