Tag: digitisation

  • Digitisation: Hathway needs Rs 3 bn in 2nd phase; no plans to dilute equity

    Digitisation: Hathway needs Rs 3 bn in 2nd phase; no plans to dilute equity

    MUMBAI: Hathway Cable & Datacom plans to invest Rs 3 billion for the second phase of digitisation as it details a requirement of around 3.5 million set-top boxes (STBs) to place in consumer homes across the cities where its cable TV service is available.

    Hathway will not need to raise equity financing and will fund the second phase through a mix of debt and vendor financing.

    “We are under no pressure to raise equity financing and have adequate headroom for getting additional debt. We also have vendor financing facilities. Of the total investments that we make, 70 per cent will be through vendor financing,” Hathway Cable & Datacom managing director and CEO K Jayaraman tells Indiantelevision.com.

    Hathway’s net debt stands at Rs 4.60 billion, including Rs 1 billion of vendor credit.

    The multi-system operator (MSO) has already seeded 1.5 million STBs in the 22 cities that fall under the next round of digitisation. The government has mandated 31 March 2013 as the deadline for digitisation in 38 cities, but industry experts feel an extension would be granted for a limited period.

    “Our preliminary estimate is that we would have a demand for five million STBs. We have already deployed 1.5 million boxes,” says Jayaraman.
    Hathway expects to deploy 2.5 million STBS in the first phase of digitisation where it operates in three of the four metros. While in Mumbai and Delhi it operates directly, in Kolkata it has a presence through its joint venture company Gujarat Telelinks Pvt Ltd (GTPL). GTPL, in which Hathway has 50 per cent stake, acquired majority stake in Kolkata Cable and Broadband Pariseva.

    “We have already seeded 1.7 million STBs in the three metros. We have set an internal target of 2-2.5 million boxes as we see a rising demand,” elaborates Jayaraman.

    Hathway spent Rs 1.20 billon on capital expenditure in the first half of this fiscal. For the three-month period ended 30 September, Hathway narrowed its net loss to Rs 17.84 million against Rs 158.71 in the trailing quarter. Revenue fell three per cent to 1.32 billion from Rs 1.36 billion in the first quarter.

  • No relaxation on digitisation in Delhi, Mumbai & Kolkata

    No relaxation on digitisation in Delhi, Mumbai & Kolkata

    NEW DELHI: The Government has ruled out any possibility of allowing multi-system operators (MSOs) and local cable operators (LCOs) in Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata more time to completely switch over to digital delivery of television channels, as has been offered in Chennai.

    During the hearing of a case in the Madras High Court, the ministry had said it was willing to extend the digitisation deadline to 31 December for Chennai if all the MSOs or LCOs signed affidavits assuring that they would go digital within the extended deadline.
    Information and Broadcasting (I&B) Ministry sources said the extension in deadline offered for Chennai was not applicable to Mumbai, Delhi or Kolkata since the situation in the southern metro was very different.

    The sources said while the ministry had signed agreements for digital addressable system with 11 MSOs in Chennai, the largest MSO – the state government-owned Arasu –had only analogue delivery system and needed more time to convert to DAS.

    The sources also said I&B Minister Manish Tewari had categorically ruled out any extension of the date in any of the phases, of which the first phase covering the four metros became effective on 1 November. The second phase of digitisation covering 38 cities takes effect on 31 March and all the cable TV delivery systems across the rest of the country are scheduled to go digital by December 2014.

    The ministry sources admitted that there would be some differences in the figures given by it on implementation of digitisation or installation of digital set top boxes (STBs) with the actual figures on the ground, but it does not pose any problem as the consumers of these four cities were keen to go digital.

  • Can digitisation heal TV news industry?

    Can digitisation heal TV news industry?

    NEW DELHI: Crippled by high carriage payouts to cable networks, low subscription revenues, muted ad growth and rise in personnel costs, television news broadcasters are looking at digitisation to play the rescue act as they struggle to stay profitable.

    “The success of digitisation is critical for all of us. We will have fatter revenues, better content and investments will go up,” said NDTV Group executive vice chairman KVL Narayan Rao.

    Calling it the “new dawn for the TV news industry,” Rao said digitisation would throw open a huge opportunity for growth as carriage fees reduce and subscription revenues go up. India will have 100 million new viewers in the next five years and with digitisation consumers will have better access to content.

    “Digitisation is the gamechanger. But there needs to be close co-operation among the stakeholders for making it a success,” said Rao, while speaking at the 5th News Television Summit here Wednesday.

    News broadcasters have themselves to blame for the terrible financial mess they are in. Fierce competition, an oversupply of channels, lack of unity and audience fragmentation within the genre have kept advertising prices low.

    “News as a genre is terribly under-priced. There is a lot of scope for us to take it forward if we stand united. We also need to develop new selling techniques and go beyond TAM (the currency for measuring TV audiences) ratings if we are to get the right value for a genre that is so impactful,” said TV Today Network chief executive officer Joy Chakravorthy.

    The international market is also getting spoilt by the new entrants as they launch price wars to grab market share.

    “The industry has suffered because we have not worked together. Considering the current revenue position, the news industry also can’t afford to be lavish,” averred Chakravorthy.

    News broadcasters had committed several mistakes in the past and there is a pressing need to take a U-turn now. “We have converted a potential revenue earner to a huge cost head. The monster called ‘carriage’ is created by us. While it will be too naïve to believe that digitisation is not going to be a panacea to the industry, we must also realise that there is a huge opportunity to grow under a DAS (digital addressable systems) regime,” said Zee News Ltd chief executive officer Barun Das.

    Media Network Distribution (India) Ltd MD & CEO Yogesh Radhakrishnan agrees that DAS could prove to be the turning point. “The news business needs to turn a new leaf. We can’t blame the multi-sytem operators (MSOs) for looking at news channels as a cash cow. News channels, after all, started the carriage system in the TV business.”

    With digitisation set to kick off in the four metros of Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai, broadcasters believe there will be a substantial reduction in carriage costs. “Some of that money that we manage to save will go to the shareholders, some will be used to pay debt and most of it will go towards content. When people have choice, news channels that have build brands will stand at an advantage,” said Rao.

    Den Networks chief executive officer SN Sharma does not believe that carriage costs will evaporate. “The distribution cost has to be attached to the business model in a digital environment. The problem with the news genre is that there is no clear leader and there is no big differentiated content. There is so much of competition in the genre that the last entrant drives up the carriage prices and derails everybody’s business.”

    MCCS chief executive officer Ashok Venkatramani does not share the bullish sentiments echoed by the other speakers. “News channels spend one-third of their costs on carriage. Even if that drops by half, what do we do with the savings? The big question that we need to ask ourselves is whether we are in the right industry.”

    Venkatramani does not think that the time is ripe for launching more regional news channels. “What is the value that we are going to create by launching more channels? Going regional is not the answer. Is there any business in TV news? There is no light at the end of the tunnel. We are all fishing in troubled waters.”

    Das does not agree that there is no room for expansion. “News has a tremendous advantage over general entertainment channels when it comes to regional markets. GECs can’t expand due to language constraints. News channels on the other hand can come up with local content. News proliferation will happen in regional markets.”

    Alternate sources of revenue like mobile TV and 4G have tremendous potential. However, they are too thin to make any significant impact in the near future and TV will stay as the main revenue stream for long.

  • Year of flux and expansion for English movie channels : Pix business head Sunder Aaron

    Year of flux and expansion for English movie channels : Pix business head Sunder Aaron

    The past year has been a great step forward for the entire English Movie Channel category which has gained both in size and viewership.

    2011 – Looking Back before Seeing Forward:

    The overall viewership for the category increased by a whopping 50 per cent. Channels have also realised the importance of creating brand extension programmes for their viewers to gain viewer loyalty and top of mind recall. Many new brand extension programmes have been launched by many channels to build a close relationship with their viewers.

    The Pix Movie Club is a great example of connecting with viewers beyond their television screens. The club is college-based community for students which allows them to watch new Hollywood theatrical releases for free. The main link between the channel and the club is Hollywood and not the content on the channel. Many sponsors and advertisers are also very keen to be associated with such properties since it establishes a direct and personal connection with prospective consumers.

    Distribution fees and carriage did not abate in 2011, and it was amazing in some circumstances to see new channels that address limited audiences launching and paying a high price just to make a splash in the market.

    Looking at the ratings pattern for the genre over last year you will see that the English movie category is competing as fiercely as the GEC channels. The channels are putting forth tight scheduling and great content to garner maximum eyeballs.

    There is fierce competition among the top four channels for the top spot. No channel remains at the same position for too long unlike the year of 2010.

    Pix has its own interesting trends worth quickly highlighting. 2011 has been a great year for us in many ways. The year began with Pix introducing major blockbuster films which we acquired through our exclusive output deal for all films under the SPE banner. It gave me immense joy to crack this deal since this was a foundation for a brand new Pix!

    The channel transitioned from a storyteller to a one stop destination for latest Hollywood blockbusters with current titles. The evolution is a continuous process for us and the channel is going from strength to strength. This is a very exciting time for us and even more so for our viewers who took a keen interest in the channel and its new content.

    Trends in 2012

    Content: Competition for content in 2012 will be more aggressive than ever. When it comes to the English movies category, fans of Hollywood films couldn’t be happier given they now have so many channels to choose from.

    Most of the popular titles come from studios and, therefore, scarcity cannot be avoided. Economics teaches us that with high demand and limited product prices will escalate. This trend started in 2011 and will only mount further in 2012. I expect high pricing to remain for the next year at least.

    Digitisation: Digitisation means channels must become more relevant for its viewers, since consumers will themselves hand select channels they want on their television set top box. This also marks a change in the television landscape which has been long overdue in India.

    Digitisation should also lead to greater transparency and rationalisation for all the stakeholders involved in the industry including consumers, operators and broadcasters. Indian cable systems that offer multi channel TV in India are technologically outdated and need to catch up with the rest of the world. The economics of multi channel television are better for operators as well as broadcasters.

    When you consider the great variety of channels that consumers have to choose from at low subscription prices, India may arguably have the greatest television market in the world. Keep in mind, our industry here is still very young; it’s less than 20 years old whereas private TV started in the 1950’s in the US. The evolution of television, the “Televolution”, will continue for some time.

    Digitisation is just the next stage of growth for all of those concerned. While we can look at the other markets around the world for lessons and guidance, we should also be careful not to believe that they are offering us lessons on the right or wrong way of doing things.

    The Indian television market is its own vast, and unique creature. Our own methods of packaging, pricing etc. will develop naturally as digitisation proliferates.

    Distribution: While we can expect digitisation to have an effect on the carriage fees and cost of placements, it’s hard to anticipate what exactly will happen and na?ve to expect carriage fees to go away entirely.

    Many of the channels and networks that launched with big carriage budgets meant to attain clear and immediate success are playing a valuation game rather than making their P/L a priority. At some point this will catch up with them.

    Perhaps 2012 will see some shake outs of these channels, and should digitisation be immediately successful, we might see several of them convert their business models. Hopefully in 2012, we will see lots more services being launched by cable operators including VOD, SVOD, PPV, broadband and data services, Internet radio and, perhaps, even telephony.

    Marketing: Marketing will play a more important role in a digitised environment than ever before. Marketers will need to utilise new and unique means to differentiate their brand from competition, while remaining cost efficient.

    In the highly competitive English Movie Channel category, the top 4 channels have similar programming and brand offerings. This makes it essential for the channels to market and promote themselves distinctly.

    For example, if I were to take a hoarding at Marine Drive to promote the Pix Super Movie of the Month, it may be successful in a typical (and costly) way, but it won’t create any differentiation for the brand (all movie channels have advertised themselves on prominent hoardings at one point or another). But if my communication has a differentiated message and/or is delivered via a distinct and innovative media vehicle, then the marketing communication would create a ‘differentiating’ factor for the brand as well as driving viewers to the channel.

    At Pix we try to conduct as much ‘Differential Marketing’ as possible, to really distinguish Pix from the rest of the category. It’s not always easy, and it’s certainly not always cheap. In fact, it often requires experimentation which can prove to be expensive. However, given the changing television landscape, the brands which don’t run work on their Differential Marketing will run the risk of losing out.

  • Distressed, news channels seek rescue in digitisation

    Distressed, news channels seek rescue in digitisation

    NEW DELHI: Stung by high carriage costs and a slump in advertising rates, television news channels are looking at tapping subscription revenues to drive growth.

    The subscription income of news channels is pegged at around Rs 2 billion, but is restricted to only a few players like CNBC TV18, NDTV, TV Today Network and Zee News.

    “We have to open up subscription revenues. There is a future there,” said TV Today Network CEO and executive director G Krishnan, while speaking at the 4th News Television Summit organised by Indiantelevision.com.

    News channels are struggling, as they depend heavily on advertising revenues, and media buying agencies do not give them a fair ad price commensurate to their reach.

    “We are not given a premium for the impact that we have. We are treated like commodities by the media buying agencies,” Krishnan said.

    Madison Media CEO Basab Datta Chowdhury, however, did not agree. “The news channels deliver a genre share of 7 per cent while they command a revenue share of 11 per cent. So there is a premium that is given to them. The problem is that there is a plethora of news channels and it is very difficult to differentiate. News is commoditised today,” she said.

    The rise in advertising revenue, though, has come from more inventory utilisation than an increase in ad rates.

    “The 10-second rates have come down. Ad revenue is growing because news channels have flooded the market with inventory. That’s a mistake we have done,” said Krishnan.
            
      News channels have as high as 20-22 minutes of commercial time per hour of telecast, a path they do not prefer to follow, but are led to by a softening of ad rates.

    MCCS (which owns and operates Star News, Star Ananda and Star Majha) CEO Ashok Venkatramani said the value of the content of news channels does not get realised by the agencies. “Media buyers do not look at the profile of audiences. On the cable TV front also, we do not have transparency. There is no proper mechanism at all,” he added.

    BAG Films & Media CMD Anurradha Prasad urged the news broadcasters to get together to fight against “unreasonable carriage fees” demanded by the multi-system operators (MSOs).

    “It is a rat race out there and broadcasters should collectively fight against high carriage fees. And on the advertising front, we are not paid for the reach that we have. We are not getting the kind of revenues that we had anticipated,” Prasad said.

    Media Network and Distribution (India) Ltd (a joint venture with Bennett, Coleman & Co Ltd) Yogesh Radhakrishnan believed at the crux of the problem was the rapid growth of the media industry in a short span of time. “The Indian TV market had grown too fast too soon. But post digitisation, news channels can drive subscription revenues and up ad rates as they create differentiated content,” he said.

    Krishnan, however, is bullish about the TV news industry. “Currently the ability to grow is limited. But five years down the line, we will see strong growth. Digitisation will lower our carriage fees and we can fetch more pay-TV revenues,” he said.

    The challenge for the news broadcasting industry, thus, is to cap ad inventory, aggressively chase subscription revenues and create value for advertisers.

  • ‘Cas is here to stay’ : Nripendra Misra – Trai chairperson

    ‘Cas is here to stay’ : Nripendra Misra – Trai chairperson

    Nripendra Misra is a suave IAS officer with a reputation of being completely above board, and perhaps lacking the ‘guile‘ that puts many others in the topmost slots of the bureaucracy, fellow officials say of him in a positive sense. After the first initial setback for Conditional Access System in 2003, it was during Misra‘s tenure that Cas was enforced in parts of Mumbai, Kolkata and Delhi. And it was war… MSOs had to be readied, LCOs trained to shift to higher technology, broadcasters‘ resistance to be broken down by assuaging their fears and yet, the court order had to be implemented within the deadline: 31 December 2006.

    It could not have been a pleasant task. Amidst all this, Misra and his dedicated but small team is going about handling one of the noisiest of industries in the country, issuing consultation papers, and ushering in new technologies.

    Misra took his stand on various contentious issues during an interview with indiantelevision.com‘s Sujit Chakraborty.

    Excerpts:

    It has been nine months since Cas was implemented in parts of Kolkata, Mumbai and Delhi, after Chennai was brought under Cas. Towards the beginning there were uncertainties, and some people even opposed Cas. So today, what is your assessment of Cas? Is it a success or a failure in numerical terms?
    Well, we never had a target in terms of penetration percentages. It was left to the subscriber who wanted to opt for choice, whether he wanted pay channels or FTAs and which are the ones he wanted. The latest numbers tell me that about six lakh (600,000) homes have opted for Cas in the mandated areas.

    That is out of a universe of around 1.6 million cable homes…?
    Yes, so that is about 30 per cent of subscribers. Then you have also a similar facility in DTH, which has also been accepted by many. In Kolkata particularly, the response has been poor because most of the popular channels are FTAs. So if the criterion is in terms of numbers, I think it has been a very satisfactory performance.

    But it is not the number that is important. Unfortunately, we are always missing the true substance when attempting to evaluate Cas.

    What is it we are trying to do? We are trying to set up a mode of digital transmission, which is more efficient and more accommodative. It is the global practice. Analogue is gradually getting out of the scene, and so we have to make a beginning. That was made into a kind of a pilot in these four areas.

    Today you have a choice, you have DTH and you have Cas. Tomorrow you may have HITS… which is another option. You have voluntary Cas. So a beginning has been made, a seed has been sown, which must someday fructify in terms of an all India feature. Success has to be measured in terms of whether it is a trendsetter or not, and not in terms of how many people have opted for it or not.

    So would you say that the target of becoming a trendsetter has been achieved?
    Oh yes! It is perhaps a watershed in that in the broadcasting industry, digital transmission has begun.

    But one main area that remains disturbing is the quality of service, which in many parts of the mandatory Cas zones remains highly dissatisfactory. Lots people are not getting the channels they have opted and paid for.
    Firstly, I do not want to defend the quality of service, and there are problems of channels being discontinued. But it is not just at the level of local cable operator. I think somewhere down the line, the MSO also has to take his role seriously. Unlike in non-Cas areas, the role of the broadcaster and MSO in implementing Cas is far more important than that of the LCO. So, if these things have happened, they have happened because of the inadequacy of the functioning of MSOs.

    When it started in January, we wanted to take a very liberal view. We did not want to enforce all the regulatory provisions in the first four or five months. They wanted time so that the consumer preference could be registered, and we gave them enough time. The subscriber register that has to be maintained was not complete to the extent we wanted. Therefore billing got delayed, payments also got delayed… subscribers have also not made payments. But we have made it clear that come 1st of July, we are not going to forgive anyone.

    But how do you enforce this, as it has clearly not happened in many places till now?
    There are three ways of how to enforce this. First is the awareness of the consumer. There is a quality of service regulation in the Cas area which is operational. Therefore the subscribers must reach to and judge the performance of the MSOs and cable operators. There are great details in the regulation about the kind of rebate that has to be given if the channels are not coming, or how much time it should take which kind of interruption, what should be the response time for the MSOs… these are all standardised and fixed.

    Broadcasters have been cooperative in rolling out Cas, despite serious reservations about the Rs 5 channel price

    But that brings us to a moot point…. The consumer is not truly aware and also does not seem to care about implementing his rights?
    It takes time…

    So you are saying that MSOs are primarily responsible for QoS, so where have they failed? Because there are lots of complaints about failure across the board.
    The MSOs initially were perhaps not ready with the level of demand. That has settled down, STBs have been imported and they are in plenty today. The second stage was to get the reference of the subscribers. Now, I know and it is correct to say that the MSO representatives have gone to the homes four or five times, asking the subscribers to fill up the forms. But the gentleman says, you have come at the wrong time, that he will have to consult his family.

    But gradually, that too has ceased to be a problem. Ninety percent of the subscriber registers have been completed and the choice is now there. Now the stage is where the subscribers must know what their right is. That is, the manual of practice of the MSOs must be made available to the subscribers. That manual of practice in most of the cases is not available. The contractual conveyance, that we have between us signed a contract, and this is our right, that message is still not being passed on, which is reflecting in the lack of awareness.

    Broadcasters have been extremely cooperative in rolling out Cas, despite serious reservations about the RS 5 channel price, and all the Reference Interconnect Offers are in place.

    So what have you told the MSOs about this?
    We have conveyed to them that look, we shall view very seriously if there are defaults. We have written to the state governments, because they are the enforcement machinery.

    So what is holding back the extension of Cas in the three metros?
    The Central government wanted us to report back on this, we have sent that report, we have said it will take six to eight months‘ time to implement after notification of the extension. But then the state governments said that it is better to evaluate before extending Cas. We on our own without waiting for such instructions have engaged some outside agency to advice us on the level of implementation.

    Has that audit been completed?
    It will take another two months, we are expecting the reports by the end of October or beginning of November.

    So it will further delay Cas extension by that much time?
    Well this has nothing to do with Cas extension, this is something we are doing independently, and as far as the government goes, they can extend Cas, and we have just said that it would take six months from the day of notification to implement the extension. It is for the government to take a view when they wish to notify.

    Resistance to Cas had been from the broadcasters, but even from the grassroots level, due to privileges of piracy and under declaration, there had been resistance from the cable operators as well, so have the realised that this is the business model of the future?
    I think they have realised this more than anybody else. Today there is demand from many, many parts of India that they be given the permission for implementing voluntary Cas.
    Like Ortel and Sristi in Orissa and West Bengal?
    Ortel is one, then Pune is another, and there is demand from Bangalore, Mumbai and many other places. Some have in fact gone ahead with the implementation of voluntary Cas. So what the LCOs know very well is that the competition from DTH is very strong. The LCOs thus know that of they have to remain in the industry, two or three things are required.

    First, investment is required, which is not come if the industry is so disorganised as it is today. Second, they know that there has to be some regulatory provisions to give stability, which will ensure certain amicable relations between them the broadcasters and the MSOs. So to answer your question as to why they are not implementing voluntary Cas, perhaps for that some regulatory initiative is required.

    Now, for that the expert committee had been set up, and it has suggested that voluntary Cas be rolled out in 55 cities and towns. But they have also said that you have got to have a regulatory regime for at least one year. Even for voluntary Cas, certain things are important, like Standard Interconnection Offer, what should be the connectivity, what should be the revenue sharing formula. So these are the issues we are looking at, and we are going to put up the paper on voluntary Cas.

    “Fixing of channel pricing in non-Cas is a challenge, but we shall come out with something that meets the expectations of both the high and low income groups”

    When is that likely?
    Oh any day, we are working on HITS and next is the paper on voluntary Cas.
    The consultancy paper on HITS is already out?
    Yes, but we have to now recommend the terms and conditions of licensing provisions to the ministry of Information & Broadcasting. Even the voluntary Cas paper is also in the pubic domain, and so we have to now concretise our views. And then specifics like what are the regulatory issues, what are the areas in which facilitation is required… perhaps some technical training is required, and the go ahead.
    But voluntary Cas would mean that channel prices will be dictated by the broadcasters and subscribers may suffer?
    Let‘s see. Voluntary Cas does not mean it cannot be regulated, and as such I do not have any views on the subject now.
    It follows that even in voluntary Cas you could regulate prices?
    If it requires so in the case of DTH I can regulate prices. In fact, there has been some judicial expectations on this, when TDSAT in one of its judgments asked that if channel price is regulated in Cas, why it is not there in DTH? We had our reasons, it is an infant industry, we wanted DTH to grow.
    But then Cas is also an infant system?
    The difference is that DTH is a new initiative, and I am of the view that there should be minimal regulation. Cas was a shift from the old cable industry.
    The cable industry has been insisting on a level playing field and they are pointing out to the IPTV and DTH consultation papers as proof that Trai is not creating that level playing field. And in Trai‘s own meetings on Cas in Kolkata and other places, LCOs and MSOs have accuse Trai of siding with broadcasters?
    There was never such an accusation. You may have been told so, but never, never has a single cable operator said that Trai is favouring broadcasters. It is all a matter of which platform you are utilising. You fix the price at RS 5, and someone will say, it is against broadcasters. If you do not do that, they will say you are favouring the broadcasters. There is a bogey being raised that in many of the countries channel prices are fixed. The truth of the matter is channel prices have not been fixed in a majority of the countries. And majority means, more than 90 per cent of the countries.
    So there, prices have panned out according to market pull and push?
    Of course.
    So how much time do you think we will need for market forces to create prices that are compatible with the pockets of the average consumer, who are the vast majority, that is, when would deregulation start and prices shape up as per market forces?
    It is already there, because in non-Cas it is already there according to the market forces. I haven‘t regulated prices there. The prices have been fixed by the cable operators and the subscribers. In 2004 when there was such a noise, there was an order on freezing the prices. You know that order was an interim measure. The ideal situation, which is there in our consultation paper, is it should go to forbearance. And I think that the day is not very far. The moment there is healthy competition and prices should be put on forbearance.

    There is the issue of price freeze versus price cap?
    That I won‘t answer because we have not issued the regulation on that so far.

    It is important for the cable industry to grow and I am not a great votary for centralised economic activity, or vertical integration, so franchise should be the mode.

    Is it in the offing?
    Yes, the next thing for the non-Cas areas.
    In recent meetings the ministry of broadcasting has said that content control in IPTV is not in their domain because that platform is under the ministry of telecom. Despite that Trai has said that it is I&B which should control content in IPTV, so do you think you have usurped some of the government‘s prerogatives?
    No, not all. It is a viewpoint. I can‘t say anything on content regulation, who will or who will not do. It is not within my powers. It is simply this, that we are of the view that the control of all content of all broadcasting and on all technological platform is best done by the broadcasting ministry. It is just a view point.
    So what are the forthcoming issues in the cable or rather the video-related industry?
    Well after introducing digitisation in non-Cas, there will be the issue of pricing. Then the other issue will be also of the structure of the cable operators. Can we contribute to their organisational strength? This comes from the understanding that there is the issue of investment, because we know there is an opportunity.
    But that investment with such small players would not be possible, so what does one do to ensure investment?
    In some manner it has to be there. Whether in the franchise mode, or through takeovers, or vertical integration. But I think that in countries such as India, perhaps there will be a role for everybody. I am not a great votary for a centralised form of economic activity. So it is better that we perhaps have a relationship in which franchise is the mode and there is mutually shared revenue principles.
  • Industry vents ire on ‘nothing budget’

    NEW DELHI: In the initial reactions to the 2007-08 budget proposals by Union Finance Minister, the media industry seemed distraught that none of the reliefs it has sought have been considered.

    “There is nothing we had hoped for,” a source in the Indian Broadcasting Foundation told indiantelevision.com. The source pointed out that the Sensex crash pointed to the sentiments of the corporate sector and the media industry could not feel otherwise.
    Both the major commerce and industry chambers, Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry, as well as the Confederation of Indian Industry have, meanwhile, said they were disappointed with the budget.

    There were, however, indications, that the industry, especially MSOs would perhaps try and activate the government to meet with their demands in the ensuing period of debate on the budget proposals

    One major news channels told this correspondent that the major thing they had proposed was reduction of customs duty on STBs and components for producing them indigenously, but hopes had been dashed.

    Said India TV CEO Chinatamani Rao, “What could one react to? The IBF had on behalf of the broadcasting industry given several suggestions and nothing has been done on those issues. There is nothing in the budget for the entartainment or broadcasting industry. At best, you can say it is a neutral budget.”

    However, Big 92.7 FM COO Tarun Katial, struck a less strident note when he said, “Reduction in the customs duty works in the favor of business houses. The service tax however needs to reduce… especially since the radio industry is at its infancy and has great employment and media opportunities in the semi-urban and rural markets.

    “Local retail advertisers are at the bottom of the pyramid and they should not be subject to service tax, especially if they have to be enabled to compete with other established / larger players. The benefits that the budget brings to the agricultural sector is very good and with our network spreading across the country and reaching out to 50,000 villages, it is sure to be good for business.

    “Extending FBT on ESOPs requires some analysis and the additional 1 per cent cess on all taxes is sure to burn a hole in some pockets.”

    Radio Mirchi CEO Prashant Pandey said, “There has been nothing specific for the radio industry in this budget. So while it is a growth budget and that is good news for advertising, that is the only thing which brings cheer. I dont think radio was looking at anything specific either. We had asked for a waiver of customs duty in our pre budget memorandum, so that was expected.”

    Arvind Mohan, senior executive vice president of WWIL told indiantelevision.com: “This is a dismal budget. There is nothing in it for us.”

    He opined that at best, the marginal reduction of tax burden on import of digital equipment could be seen as a s sort of a silver line.

    There has been no change in the customs duty for import of STBs, and the service tax, which had been sought to be done away with in this budget, has been slightly augmented, from 12.24 to 12.36 per cent, which is detrimental to the growth of the industry, Mohan felt.

    Stressing that he felt that the dividends distribution tax and the tax on share options for employees would also dampen industry spirit as a whole, Mohan said, “We shall take it up with Trai and also with the Indian Media Group, and lobby with the finance ministry and we hope the government will heed our demands.

    Roop Sharma, president, Indian Cable Operator‘s Federation, said: “Chidambaram wants complete digitalisation of cable TV before the 2010 Commonwealth Games, but what has he done for that? Nothing. I think they want the small industries like cable operators to die out, because they have given no tax holiday for us at all.”

    Senior Trai officials said that they had sent their proposals to the finance ministry some 25 days ago, and “by then the budget procedure might have got a long way through,” indicating therefore, that they were not happy with what has been proposed for the sector.

    The official said that due to certain reasons, he had not been able to look at the exact budget proposals, and would be ready to comment later only.

    Most observers, however, felt that there was nothing in this budget for the media and entertainment industry, but sought more time for giving more considered opinion.

    Trai had strongly proposed that customs duty on import of STBs and their components be reduced to Zero, and service tax be waived. It had called for rationalisation of tax structure to provide for a level playing field for the newspaper and electronic media, but that has not been reflected in the proposals by the finance minister.

  • Rationalise excise duty, Vat on TV, STBs: Planning Commission

     

    NEW DELHI: Acknowledging that the major hurdle in digitization presently is the absence of digital receiver sets and the fact that about 45 per cent TV sets are Black and White, a sub-group of the Planning Commission has recommended rationalization of the total taxation level to 12 per cent.

    The sub-group on ‘Going Digital’ set up by the Planning Commission and headed by Rajeeva Ratna Shah, member secretary in the Planning Commission and a former CEO of Prasar Bharati, said this will mean the excise duty on digital TV set, set top boxes (STBs) and its inputs be rationalized to 8 per cent and there should be a state VAT of 4 per cent. This will give impetus to the indigenous STB industry, which would generate economic activity and employment in the country.

     

    The sub-group noted that STBs and the digital Conditional Access System (Cas) act as a catalyst for implementation of digitization. The Consumer Electronics and TV Manufacturing Association (Cetma) has indicated that the cost increase in case of a TV set, capable of receiving digital terrestrial signal in addition to analogue signal would be about Rs 1000 from the existing prices. For the existing analogue TV sets, which are expected to be around 120 million by year 2010, the consumers would need to have Digital Terrestrial Transmission STB to receive the signals. The cost of STB is presently about Rs 2250 and is decreasing every year by 7 to 8 per cent. 

    The industry would require a lead time of six months to meet the demand for the digital TV sets and radio receivers. Similarly, the industry would be in a position to provide STBs in about 16 to 20 weeks from the time the government decides to change over to digital broadcasting.

     

    “But for successful rollout, the government needs to firm up the transition path and announce timelines so that all the stake holders could put their acts together and make the transition as smooth and successful as possible. The success of DTT depends upon the availability of requisite consumer end equipment and introduction of STB coupled with Cas.”

    The sub-group added that India was a price sensitive market and one solution or product fits all cases is not commensurate with consumer thinking. Hence there may be need to introduce various models of STBs (having digital to analogue converter with addressability of channels with Cas to high-end models) with increasing value added features to meet the requirements of the consumers. The requisite standards need to be put in place for this. 

    Out of 61 million households cable connections all over India , 35 per cent are in rural areas. This service is easily available and affordable in the rural areas. This industry is geared up to meet the challenge of digital broadcasting, the sub-group noted. 

    At present, the signals from uplink station to satellite and from satellite to cable TV head-end are already digital. The signal from cable TV head-end to subscriber is both in digital and analog format. Most of the multi-service operators (MSOs) in the metros and big cities have already gone digital. Thus, only 7000 head-ends required to go digital.
    Furthermore, all franchisees are not affected by digitization as they only pass the signal (analog/digital) received from the head-end to the subscribers and do not process the signal. Digitization of subscribers end depends on introduction of digital TV in the market at affordable prices and immediate digitalization of cable TV head-end. 

    To further galvanize the rollout, all the content producers – Prasar Bharati as well as private operators – should provide agreed and identified channels in the digital/HDTV format to MSO/cable operators under the “Must Carry” clause. 

    Going digital encompasses digital broadcasting, telecom as well as other technologies for access and backbone networks which deploy digital systems. While some of the frequency bands used for broadcasting have exclusive allocations for ‘broadcasting’, most of the bands are shared with other services. 

    For example, the 800/ 900 MHz bands used for cellular services – GSM & CDMA, etc. are available for broadcasting also. The satellite based TV broadcasting is mostly in the frequency bands, which are shared with microwave systems. Hence, while evolving/ modifying the NFAP (National Frequency Allocation Plan), the relative national priorities of various spectrum based services have to be taken into account.

    Normally digital transmissions require larger bandwidth. However, with modern compression techniques, which are improving continuously, it is now possible to accommodate multiple channels in the RF bandwidth of a single existing (analogue) channel. Hence, on complete transition to digital systems in broadcasting, the spectrum requirements should reduce or alternatively, it would be possible to transmit larger number of channels in the bandwidth occupied by existing channels. 

    During the transition phase, existing analogue and new digital systems would need to be broadcast together, requiring larger spectrum bandwidth. The requirements can be assessed once the number of channels for simultaneous transmission is worked out. With digital broadcasting, it is possible to include data, Internet, etc. within the broadcasting channels. 

    During the migration from Analogue to Digital Radio, new frequency assignments have to be identified to facilitate smooth migration and for some time both the existing analogue transmissions as well as new digital transmissions would continue. Hence, there will be spectrum constraint during this transition phase. Also, the spectrum for digital migration may need to be identified for both Prasar Bharati as well as Private FM Broadcasters. 

    The sub-group, comprising 17 members, was set up by the Committee on Information, Communication and Entertainment (ICE) that has been examining the larger issue of convergence and advent of modern technology. Members include the secretaries in Information and Broadcasting and Department of Telecommunications, the Prasar Bharati CEO, the presidents of Cetma, Mait, Nasscom, and ISP Association of India, co-chairman of the Ficci entertainment committee Kunal Dasgupta, chairman of the CII entertainment committee, chairman of the Film & Television Producers Guild of India, president of the Cable TV Operators Association, Rajiv Mehrotra who is the managing trustee of the Public Service Broadcasting Trust, Virat Bhatia from AT&T Communications Services, Zee Telefilms President Abhijit Saxena, Sameer Rao who is vice-president in charge of strategy, planning & regulatory in Star India, and a representative of the Prime Minister’s Office.

  • CII moots 5% customs duty on imported STBs in bid to boost local manufacture

     
     

    NEW DELHI: While demanding various reductions and exemptions of taxes and duties that would be beneficial for the media and broadcasting industry in general, the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) has demanded a hike in customs duty on STBs from the present nil to 5 per cent.

    The CII has demanded exemptions and tax burden relief on capital goods import and other issues, especially those meant for infrastructure development, creation of intellectual property and import of colour TV and picture tubes.

    Yet, so far as STBs are concerned, the CII says that whereas in the present situation, import of STBs do not attract any customs duty, this should be raised to five per cent in the budget for 2007.

     

    The CII, in its document “Pre-Budget Memorandum” gives its own arguments on that count.

    It says: “Excise Duty on STBs was exempted on 24th June 2003 to facilitate introduction of Conditional Access System in the country. In the budget 2006, the exemption on excise duty was withdrawn but customs duty was reduced from 15 per cent to Nil. However, there was no corresponding reduction of customs duty on inputs used in the manufacturing of STBs. This has resulted into another case of inverted customs duty structure.

    “The correction of the anomaly can be achieved either the by reduction of customs duty on inputs required for manufacturing of STBs to Nil, or increasing of customs duty on the import of STBs from Nil to 5 per cent, and also allowing import of inputs at five per cent.”

    A senior tax consultant told indiantelevision.com that the measure would benefit local manufacture of STBs, as the customs duty on import of boxes and import of input components would be the same, whereas previously, there was no customs duty on import to STBs.

     

    Currently, MSOs are importing STBs mainly from China and Korea.

    “This is a pro-local manufacturing and necessary corrective measure from an earlier skewed customs regime so far as STBs are concerned,” he explained.

    The CII recommendation says that the second option is preferable.

    It says also: “In case it is felt that it would increase the price of imported STBs, then excise duty can be reduced from 16 per cent to 12 per cent on STBs as well as its major imported inputs.

    Meanwhile, there are many general recommendations of the CII that would benefit the industry.

    It has specifically suggested that the customs duty on glass parts of the colour picture tubes for TV sets should be reduced from 12.5 per cent to five per cent.

    It has argued here that the Free Trade Agreement between India and Thailand has a list of goods covered by the Early Harvest Scheme and includes CTV and colour picture tubes.

    “Consequently, customs duty on CTV (8528 12) and CPT (8540 11) imported from Thailand was reduced to 12 per cent on September 2004, and to 6.25 per cent on September 1, 2005. The impact of (this) reduction has resulted in tremendous increase of imports (from Thailand).

    On the telecom sector the CII has recommended that there should be a reduction of customs duty to five per cent on capital goods required for manufacture of telecommunication equipment covered by the IT agreement.

    It also wants to extend the present “Nil” customs concession to inputs for the manufacture of components / sub assemblies duty under serial number 239 of customs notification 21/2002.

    Across the board, CII has recommended measures that will benefit industry as a whole and consequently the media and broadcasting industry. It has, for instance, recommended reduction of CENVAT rate of 16 per cent to 14 per cent in the budget 2007, and has also said that the service tax of 12 per cent must not be increased.

    On the issue of infrastructure development CII has suggested that the government may consider more loans from international institutions.

    “Gross Capital Formation in infrastructure must be progressively raised from 4.5 per cent of GDP to 11 per cent,” the report of CII says.

    In general, all companies and employees may stand to benefit also if the CII recommendation of abolishing of Fringe Benefit Tax (FBT), in consonance with the desires of business as a whole, ever since the tax was slapped vide the Finance Act 2005.

    It outlines the alternative thus:

    “Either the tax should be abolished or the choice be given to tax paying firms to pay one per cent additional corporate tax on its total income in lieu of FBT. Otherwise the corporate could chose to remain under FBT. If this is not possible, the CII proposes levy of FBT only on elements of personal benefit to employees, and exclusion of deeming provision of treating a portion of pure business expenses as personal expenses.”

    The CII recommendation on depreciation would also benefit the media and broadcasting industry.

    Stating that it is well known that technology is changing fast, “and unless we are able to replace our assets fast, we cannot match with other countries in terms of productivity, CII has recommended that depreciation rate be raised from 15 per cent to 25 per cent, as was the case earlier, provided the rate charged under Income Tax is the same or higher than charged under the Companies Act.

    Development of infrastructure would also benefit from the industry body recommendation that the Minimum Alternative Tax is abolished. If it is not, CII feels, it should at least be removed for infrastructure companies in order to promote development and to motivate the private investor to come into this sector.