ITV

Category: Regional

  • Andhra Pradesh: A chaotic news market

    Andhra Pradesh: A chaotic news market

    According to the Ministry of information and broadcasting (MIB), there are nearly 800 satellite channels in India, of which about half are news channels. With an already crowded market, an increasingly loud general election has added to the number of news channels mushrooming across the country.

     

    Andhra Pradesh, which till recently was in turmoil because of the imminent bifurcation into Telangana and Seemandhra, is no exception. Counted as the state with the highest number of satellite TV channels, the last one year has seen newer additions (V6 News, Express News, 10TV and ETV3) to the existing list (ETV2, TV9, TV5, NTV, Mahaa News, HMTV, Studio N, Raj News Telugu, I News, 4TV, Sakshi TV, Gemini News, 4TV, Vanita TV, ETV Urdu, CVR News, ABN Andhra Jyoti, the now shut Zee 24 Gantalu).

     

    It is not as if the number of TV viewing homes is on the rise but that doesn’t deter these newbies from popping up. Indeed, AP has the highest number of cable TV homes in India at 15 per cent. At a national level, channels are deploying cost-cutting measures but in AP, newer channels are being spawned. So, what is the survival strategy of these channels? Apparently, they are all backed by political muscle though no politician will openly come out in support of them. More than anything, it is about party views being propagated through the media, sometimes openly sometimes subtly.

     

    Only two of the 20-odd channels – TV9 and TV5 – have major market share, followed by the likes of ETV, NTV and Sakshi TV. According to local people, YSR Congress funds Sakshi TV, NTV and TV5, while V6 is backed by six politicians affiliated to Congress.  Rumours are that ideologically, HMTV seems pro-Telangana though may not be backed by any party while ABN Andhra Jyoti is pro-Telugu Desam Party (TDP). Let’s not forget Gemini News of the Sun group under Kalanidhi Maran who has the backing of DMK leader M Karunanidhi. The office of Telangana News channel is actually located within the headquarters of the party office in Hyderabad. Now that’s called risk! According to the public, only TV9, Raj News Telugu, CVR News and the newly launched Express TV are apparently among the channels without political bias.

     

    Again, owning a channel may be a power trip but running it is an altogether different ballgame. Approximately Rs 1.2 to Rs 1.5 crore per month is required to run a channel in the state and this includes cost of infrastructure and technology and staff salaries. On the other hand, revenues don’t exceed Rs 70 lakh and typically, a channel takes nearly three years to break even (under good financial condition), which means an initial investment of Rs 40 crore is required.

     

    25 per cent of the Rs 1,000 crore advertisement market is from news channels. Of which, the top five news channels make up for Rs 200 crore while the smaller channels scramble for the left over Rs 50 crore. The ones with high viewership such as TV9, sources say, command up to Rs 2,500 to Rs 3,000 for a 10 sec slot. On the other hand, the not-so-high-on-viewership channels get just about Rs 600 for every 10 sec. Channels with political backing rarely have to bother about ad revenue since money will flow in anyway…

     

    In such a scenario, it is not surprising that rumours of channels unable to pay their employees have been doing the rounds. While Raj News Telugu has been stuck in revamp for months, ETV has already launched its Telangana-specific channel, ETV3.

     

    With 80 per cent of the state being dominated by Hathway Cable and Datacom, distribution woes are not unheard of. And yet, channels keep growing year on year.

     

    To add to it, soon, many new Telangana centric channels will crop up to add to the existing chaos. The existing channels will be rearranging their distribution and editorial strategies to suit the needs of two states.

     

     It’s time channels realised that the market is oversaturated before it’s too late. Surely the MIB can look into the state of news broadcasters in the state and rethink before giving out licences like freebies.

  • Music F Fatafati gains big in week 16 of TAM TV Ratings

    Music F Fatafati gains big in week 16 of TAM TV Ratings

    KOLKATA: Music F Fatafati has beaten Dhoom Bangla in terms of gross viewership in thousands (GVT) and time spent per viewer (TSV), as per the latest report of week 16 released by TAM.  Music F Fatafati has also beaten Sangeet Bangla in TSV.

     

    As per the TAM report, the data has been collated from the target group of 15-24 years. Music F Fatafati garnered 765 million GVTs as compared to the 549 million GVTs it got last week. The time spent on the channel was 39.16 hours as compared to 26.02 hours recorded last week.

     

    On the other hand Sangeet Bangla garnered 1313 million GVTs as compared to the 1208 million GVTs, last week. The time spent on the channel was 30.32 hours, up from 28.69 hours, recorded the previous week.

     

    Dhoom Bangla has gained big this week. The channel received 737 million GVTs, an up from the 467 million GVTs it got last week. It also saw a rise in the time spent, which was 31.23 hours, as compared to 22.05 hours, a week before. 

     

    Even though young people today are glued to Bollywood and Hollywood tunes, the TAM data clearly reveals that they consume Bengali music as well.

     

    Commenting on the report, media analyst Namit Dave said, “There is so much demand for music in Kolkata that the new entrant Music F-Fatafati has easily started to get a good pie especially when others are already doing well in the market.” 

  • Shut on 1 Oct 2013, Prime News may never see the light of day

    Shut on 1 Oct 2013, Prime News may never see the light of day

    KOLKATA: Guwahati-based 24×7 satellite news channel, Prime News, which had downed shutters since 1 October, 2013, and was planning to go on air January 2014 onwards, may not see the light of day after all.

     

    Reason being the owner, Suresh Prithani of Brahmaputra Infrastructure, has transferred cameras and other equipment from the studio to his godown, and is said to be in talks with investors to sell off the erstwhile channel’s assets.

     

    The channel was shut down on 1 October last year, after just a day’s notice from the management which cited a financial crisis as reason.

     

    Prithani had purchased Prime News from its founder and head of Jeevan Suraksha Group, Chandan Das, in 2012, and was in discussions with short film director Rishi Raj Borkotoy to sell part of his stake in the channel for a sum of Rs 6 crore. However, Borkotoy went back on his word, forcing Prithani to “put cameras and other equipment of Prime News on sale,” an industry source revealed.

     

    According to a former employee, “Prithani repeatedly made promises of increments and investments in the channel but never did anything to improve it. In fact, some senior journalists quit as he started interfering with the editorial policy, in a bid to maintain profits.”

     

    As for Borkotoy, some media sources said, “The director had never pumped in Rs 6 crore to acquire a part stake. It was just a rumour.”

     

    It is further learnt that when the channel shut shop, the management agreed to pay two months’ salary as compensation to all its employees. However, the amount was paid over a total of five months instead. More than 170 employees including journalists were left jobless by the channel’s closure.

     

    A media analyst expressed the view that though Assam, with a population of over 30 million, supports 26 morning dailies, seven privately-owned satellite news channels with a few entertainment and cable channels, the state media got a jolt because of the sudden closure of two dailies in March followed by the closure of Prime News in October, last year.

  • ‘Duniyadari’ with a new look only on Zee Talkies

    ‘Duniyadari’ with a new look only on Zee Talkies

    MUMBAI: DUNIYADARI, which created history in MARATHI cinema by hitting box office with big bang and celebrating silver jubilee in across Maharashtra, is all set to recreate the same magic on small screen. Now it is all set to release with very innovative idea and fresh version on ZEE TALKIES on Sunday, 27th April, 2014 @12 noon and 7pm.

    After receiving great applause from critics, bagging many awards and creating new records on Box Office, DUNIYADARI is slated to release on ZEE Talkies with altogether new dimension. DUNIYADARI, a youth based love story is very vibrant, colorful and very happening. It is a story with passionate love, exuberant fun, and exciting drama, full of emotions and has also managed to fetch popular as well as critical acclaim. It has good content and performances to boast of and audiences were starving of good entertaining cinema.

    Bavesh Janavlekar, Business Head, Zee Talkies said, “First time ever in the history of Television Industry a film will be presented with totally new sensitivity and shade. Zee Talkies has added a different flavor to ‘Duniyadaari’ with the support of director Sanjay Jadhav and producer Nanubhai Singhani. It is a great honor to present this movie with innovation and gifting a unique experience to our viewers. I take immense pleasure in presenting this blockbuster movie with a new perspective and a fresh new look, maintaining the soul of the movie. The current promos on the channel have received immense response from the viewers. We hope that all of our hard work and efforts are well received by the audience and that all the fans will enjoy this unique experience on Zee Talkies.”

    Talking about the characters, Bavesh Janavlekar said, “Shreyas- Shirin are true lovers and lovable pair for youngsters, Shreyas –Digu, are icons of true friendship and the essence of standing up for one’s rights. People have loved and appreciated DUNIYADARI. Many of them had the chance to watch it again and again on the big screen, but for the first time this New DUNIYADARI will give the audience a chance to witness the true meaning of Duniyadari. We hope that this version of the film gets all the love that the original movie received.”

    DUNIYADARI, produced by Video Palace India and Dreaming Twenty Four Seven and presented by Zee Talkies and Essel Vision Productions. The music of Duniyadari has also set Maharashtra swaying to its tunes. “Zindagi Zindagi…. Doston Ki Duniyadari Mein Haseen Meri Zindagi…” and “TikTik Vajate Dokyat” sung by Sonu Nigam and Sayali Pankaj have captured hearts with their charismatic composition. In this television version people will get to watch new song with special moment.

    The revival of this Blockbuster film has movie-goers across the globe, excitedly looking forward to experiencing the magic of NEW DUNIYADARI on ZEE Talkies on Sunday, 27th April@ 12 noon and 7pm!

  • Zee Marathi to launch Jai Malhar

    Zee Marathi to launch Jai Malhar

    MUMBAI: If Hindi general entertainment channels (GECs) are treating audiences to a growing number of mythology-based shows, why should regional channels be far behind?

    Following in the footsteps of Mahabharat, Mahadev and Maa Durga will be Zee Marathi’s Jai Malhar, a mythological show based on the reincarnation of Lord Shiva as Lord Khandoba aka Lord Malhar, Maharashtra’s most revered warrior god.

    Produced by actor-filmmaker and head of Kothare Vision, Mahesh Kothare, the show has been mounted on a lavish scale and promises to be like none other before it. Slated to premiere on 18 May, Jai Malhar will replace Tu Tithe Mee at 7:00 pm. Only the first episode will be for one hour and will be beamed on a Sunday.

    Zee Marathi business head Deepak Rajadhyaksha says, “Mythology has always appealed to Indian audiences but nobody in the Marathi industry has touched the subject owing to the extensive research and heavy investment involved in recreating it. Zee Marathi has made an ambitious attempt to transform the saga of Maharashtra’s Lord Khandoba into a gripping and thoughtful show with state-of-the-art visual effects and presentation. The original mythological narrative hasn’t been disturbed but what has been modified is the style of storytelling, making it riveting and in tune with contemporary screen techniques.”

    Jai Malhar has Kartik Kende as executive director, Rupesh Tatkari as director of photography, Nilima Kothare and Neeta Khandke as costume designers, Santosh Ayachit as creative head and scriptwriter, Pankaj Padghan as music director and Chandrabhan and Abhijat in charge of graphics. The 60-strong team is largely constituted by young and promising talent.

    For now, a deal for producing 312 episodes has been signed. With shooting having commenced on 31 March at Film City in Goregaon, the plan is to can seven to eight episodes by the end of this month, with 12-hour shooting schedules. For a show of such epic proportions, set designer Satish Panchal has re-created elements from Lord Khandoba’s palace, the fort of Jejuri, temples and ashrams to make it look as real as possible. Sources say nearly Rs 1.3 crore has been spent on the set itself. As for the central characters of Lord Khandoba and his two consorts, Mhalsa and Banai, were selected from more than 2,000 participants who auditioned in the cities of Mumbai, Nagpur, Aurangabad, Nashik and Kolhapur among others. The names of the protagonists have not yet been revealed. Two cameras are being used on the set for shooting in HD. In keeping with regulations, a medical officer is available on the set every day to oversee that the animals used for the shoot are treated ethically and not harmed in any way.

    “Once we were firm on the idea, we approached Zee Marathi and they instantly said yes to it,” says Kothare. “The show will appeal to all. For youngsters it’s a tale of a lover; for the elderly, it’s the tale of a God; and for kids, it’s the tale of a superhero. No show has ever been made on this scale in the Marathi genre.”

    Apparently, Kothare has been conceptualising the idea for the past three years and has been in talks with the channel for about a year and a half. Sources say that each episode could cost anywhere between Rs 3 lakh to Rs 5 lakh, pegging a year’s exercise at approximately Rs 10 crore to Rs 12 crore. Nearly Rs 50 lakh has gone into costumes alone including clothes, headgear and weapons.

    A marketing campaign has already begun in TV and print. On-air promos have already begun while a full-page ad spread was already published in leading Marathi newspapers such as Maharashtra Times and Divya Bhaskar. The full-fledged campaign will break approximately 10 days before the launch of the show on 18 May. The creative agency for the show is FCB Ulka while media planning has been done by GroupM.

  • Telugu crorepati on Maa TV seals the south for Big Synergy

    Telugu crorepati on Maa TV seals the south for Big Synergy

    MUMBAI: The latest in a long line of regional language adaptations spawned by the runaway hit, Amitabh Bachchan-hosted Kaun Banega Crorepati, is the Telugu version.

     

    Titled Meelo Evaru Koteeswarudu (MEK), the show is tentatively scheduled for a June 9 premiere on Maa TV and will be hosted by popular Telugu actor, Nagarjuna Akkineni. Slated to run for a minimum 40 episodes for now, the 90 minute show will be aired four days a week from Monday to Thursday.

     

    Ten to fifteen people from Big Synergy, the production house for the format in India, and Maa TV, are already working on the show. Entry will be open to Telugu speaking people across India, beginning April 24. Viewers will be able to answer questions both via SMS and IVR. This is the first time that a big-ticket show is being adapted for the state of Andhra Pradesh. “We have been wanting to get into the Telugu market for the past two years, but we needed a broadcaster to take the call. Maa TV has gained number one status and they want to retain that position. Through MEK, they will be setting a benchmark in this market, and we hope it will change the dynamics of the industry,” says Big Synergy COO Indranil Chakraborty.

     

    Currently, teams from both Maa TV and Big Synergy’s Hyderabad arm are being groomed for the show. “It is a compelling program. Our objectives are to raise the channel stature and make viewers feel good about the channel and the show,” says Maa TV group head, C Ratnakar Rao. Apparently, Gemini TV and ETV were also contenders in the race to get MEK on board but it was Maa TV which finally landed the show.  

     

    Auditions are expected to go on for almost a month in the cities of Hyderabad, Vishakhapatnam and Vijayawada and the final selection will rest with an independent jury of producers and broadcasters in the state. At least a couple of million registrations are expected for the prize money of Rs 1 crore.

     

    It’s a big challenge for Maa TV, considering production costs of a show like MEK would be many times higher than those of normal shows. “The kind of investment that we make in Hindi is not very apt for regional markets. Regional markets are usually 40 per cent of the production cost in Hindi,” points out Chakraborty.

     

    Sources say the production cost of MEK, which is being shot at Annapura Studios in Hyderabad coupled with the sound system and technical skills of Maa TV, could be anywhere Rs 5 to Rs 7 crore for 40 episodes. However, the production house may look at extending it depending on the dates for the Hindi KBC, which is to follow MEK. “The idea is to keep the property alive through different markets throughout the year,” adds Chakraborty.

     

    Not only will the Telugu version retain the essence of the Hindi version, things like customizing questions for the Telugu audience and playing the short film about the contestant before the game begins will be part of MEK as well.

     

    Maa TV is presently scouting for advertisers for the game show. “We have made good investments in Meelo Evaru Koteeswarudu and we hope to break even. I am sure the advertisers see potential in the show and our channel,” says Rao. Though Maa TV has appealed against the ad cap regulation, it will still comply with the rule. The ad rev market of Andhra Pradesh in 2013 was Rs 1030 crore making it the second biggest in the south after Tamil Nadu. In terms of viewership share of regional channels too, Telugu stood second at 24 per cent after Tamil with 27 per cent.

     

    As for visibility, a full-fledged marketing campaign will hit the state mid-May, around the time shooting begins. Orchard Advertising has been assigned the task of creatives while planning is being done by Maa TV itself.

     

    The Telugu adaptation comes after KBC has already been adapted in the remaining three major markets in south India i.e. Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala. These apart, there are Marathi, Bhojpuri and Bengali versions of the show as well.

  • KBC to become ‘Meelo Evaru Koteeswarudu’ on Maa TV

    KBC to become ‘Meelo Evaru Koteeswarudu’ on Maa TV

    MUMBAI: The much popular Kaun Banega Crorepati produced by Big Synergy is all set to conquer the entire south market by launching in the fourth state with Andhra Pradesh as Meelo Evaru Koteeswarudu (MEK). The show will be hosted by popular actor Nagarjuna Akkineni and air on Maa TV.

     

    With prize money of Rs 1 crore, the entries for MEK will begin from 24 April in which people can answer questions through SMS and interactive voice response calls. The show is slated to go on air from the first week of June.

     

    “Maa TV is known for its vibrant, innovative and pleasant programming, and has attained the number one Telugu GEC status now. With Nagarjuna Akkineni as the host, the new game show will be a visual treat for the viewers with an opportunity to win up to Rs 1 crore cash prize. It will be a trend setting initiative in the Telugu TV industry”, said Maa TV chairman Nimmagadda Prasad in a press statement.

     

    MEK, produced by Big Synergy, is Nagarjuna’s first TV venture. “I am looking for this kind of opportunity on TV platform as it reaches each and every Telugu person.  The show will bring the best drama of human life without missing on the entertainment quotient”, revealed Nagarjuna Akkineni.

     

    Big Synergy CMD Siddhartha Basu added, “It’s been an exciting journey partnering with Maa TV. No effort and expense has been spared in mounting this show to world class standards. The show will be a game changer in this region and Nagarjuna makes for a most endearing and charming host. We at Big Synergy are delighted to work together with ‘Nag’, and the Maa team, to bring this life-changing knowledge game for the entertainment of Telugu viewers everywhere. “

     

    “With a bouquet of four channels, namely Maa, Maa Music, Maa Movies and Maa Gold, Maa stands out from the cluster of channels through its unique programming quality and content. The new big initiative will build the Maa brand equity further and take the network to the next level”, Maa TV group head C Ratnakar Rao ended.

  • Zee Talkies is the No.1 channel of Maharashtra, marching ahead of all other channels

    Zee Talkies is the No.1 channel of Maharashtra, marching ahead of all other channels

    MUMBAI: After a string of successes in the last financial year, Zee Talkies becomes the highest reach channel of Maharashtra with over 2 crore viewers, ahead of all Marathi GEC’s.

     

    Not only that with the increasing popularity of Marathi Cinema over General Entertainment Zee Talkies has acquired the No.3 position in the genre, pacing ahead of a leading GEC in Maharashtra (Zee Talkies GTVT 48398, ETV Marathi GTVT 47890).

     

    The current skew of multiple initiatives on the channel and a fresh line-up ‘Majha Chakula’ and ‘Dhingana Unlimited’ coupled with robust programming – scheduling, has created a lot of affinity amongst the audience thus driving additional viewers to the channel. Even though Zee Talkies has always enjoyed the highest Time spent by audiences on any movie channel, consistently maintaining the highest reach for 7 weeks has been challenging task which has been successfully handled by the team.

     

    Bavesh Janavlekar, Business Head, Zee Talkies, says, “We want to position Zee Talkies as a FEC (Film Entertainment Channel). This implies that along with the best and latest Marathi movies the audience would also be exposed to the best of film entertainment whether it’s an event or a show. The current channel strategy has created a lot of affinity amongst the channel audience, thus making it the No.1 channel of Maharashtra. The channel reach numbers are a true indicator of the escalating popularity of Zee Talkies in Maharashtra. I would like to thank the viewers for their invariable support through which the channel has expanded to newer horizons.”

     

    “Going forward, Zee Talkies plans to roll out some key initiatives with the aim to scale the channel to newer heights and provide quality entertainment to the audiences of Maharashtra”; adds Bavesh

     

    With its promise of continuous innovation coupled with non-stop entertainment Zee Talkies brings to you ‘Naveen Duniyadaari’ on 27th April @ 12pm & 7pm with a twist in the story.

     

    The best is yet to come!

  • Elections 2014 through the eyes of Bengali TV channels

    Elections 2014 through the eyes of Bengali TV channels

    KOLKATA: Most television channels in West Bengal have started election coverage about a month ago and with the state going to polls from Thursday, it will only intensify in the coming weeks.

     

    With elections in five phases between 17 April and 12 May, both news and infotainment channels are pulling out all stops to ramp up their reportage of poll-related news and analyses.

     

    Not only 24×7 Bengali news channels such as ABP Ananda, 24 Ghanta, ETV News Bangla, Focus TV, Kolkata TV and Tara Newz but also infotainment channels like Aakash Bangla that has three news slots, are beginning to resemble a battlefield before the onset of war.

     

    Even networks that were hitherto fighting shy of election coverage are now taking to it like a fish to water, with crowd shots of the constituencies going to polls including Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri, Cooch Behar and Alipurduar, among others. Television channels have gone so far as keeping their websites up-to-speed with the latest election updates.

     

    Focus Bangla (earlier Ne Bangla) editor-in-chief Biswa Majumdar said that the channel had interviewed most of the big shots in these elections. “For elections, we have 14 special programs. Celebrities will go to places and interact with people,” he said. Focus Bangla has dedicated five to six hours every day for election coverage and earmarked anywhere between Rs 30 lakh and Rs 40 lakh for it.

     

    For ETV News Bangla, elections are an important occasion for making a mark in the regional news space. “This year, the election is colourful and especially in Bengal with many celebrities contesting either from TMC or BJP. For Thursday, we have deployed the team and OB vans for Darjeeling. From 8am till 12 noon and then again from 4 pm to 9 pm, we will telecast live news, latest developments and talk shows to stay ahead of the others in terms of content,” said ETV News Bangla editorial advisor Prabir Ghosal. He added that the channel would be spending a huge amount on election coverage.

     

    TARA (Television Aimed at Regional Audiences) Newz, one of the survivors of the now defunct media arm of the Saradha Group has formed three teams to cover elections in the state and will deploy one more team for election coverage in the national capital.

     

    Tara Newz chief reporter cum input editor Dipankar Nag said that the channel had saved the money collected from advertisements and donations to buy a back pack, so that it could telecast on-ground happenings to viewers within seconds.

     

    While elections seem to be top priority for most of the TV channels, one of the news analysts opined, “The reporters are sweating but hardly anything new is coming out. All the channels are doing the same sort of stories and even special programs are very similar with no sense of innovation.”

     

    While another rued, “It seems most of the channels have forgotten that this is a national election and not a Panchayat poll where they can have an overdose of local politics.”

     

    A third expressed the view that while some news channels are carefully passing on information to viewers, others are manipulating facts to up the news quotient.

  • ETV Bangla’s new game reaches every ‘para’ and ‘bouthan’

    ETV Bangla’s new game reaches every ‘para’ and ‘bouthan’

    KOLKATA: Regional general entertainment channel (GEC) ETV Bangla has just launched a unique game show called Parar Shera Bouthan which claims to reach every para (locality) and give every bouthan (sister-in-law) an opportunity to participate in it.

     

    FishEye Productions principle owner Nilanjan Banerjee who is also the producer of the game show said, “We have shot more than 12-13 episodes, which will be on air for two weeks. After the telecast of the first episode itself, we have officially registered 150 calls from viewers.”

     

    FishEye Productions plans to produce the game show for a year initially, after which, the contract will be renewed depending on the viewers’ response.

     

    Parar Shera Bouthan unfolds over five rounds with an elimination in each of the first three rounds and attractive prizes to be won at the end. Every round is unique and involves games testing mental and physical abilities of the women as also the chemistry they share with their better halves.

     

    ETV Bangla has even created an afternoon slot called Duronto Dupur and is looking at airing Parar Shera Bouthan to keep viewers hooked onto the channel as well as carve a niche for itself in the regional entertainment space.

     

    “The programme Parar Shera Bouthan aims at creating a niche for itself in the Bengali market, which has had several progressive shows,” said Banerjee.

     

    “We go with the set to different localities in Kolkata and that is the USP of it. In the next two to three months, we plan to cover suburbs like Barasat and Sonarpur among others. We will also visit the different districts of West Bengal in the long run,” he added.  

     

    Banerjee informed that they have a research team of four to five people who continually visit different localities. 

     

    While Zee Bangla already airs a similar game show called Didi No 1, Parar Sherar Bouthan, according to experts, is very different from other shows. They further said that to shoot such a game show, the channel would easily spend between Rs 2 lakh and Rs 2.25 lakh, including the fees of anchor, Aneek Dhar.

     

    FishEye Productions has previously produced content for broadcasters the likes of Star Jhalsa, ETV Bangla, Zee Bangla, ABP TV, BBC and Miditech among others.