Mumbai: In a significant move, ed-tech major Byju’s has become the official sponsor of the Fifa World Cup Qatar 2022. Through this partnership, the company will leverage its rights to the league’s marks, emblem, assets, and run promotions to connect with passionate football fans around the world. It will also create engaging and creative content with educational messages as part of a multifaceted activation plan.
“Fifa is dedicated to harnessing the power of football towards the goal of enacting positive societal change. We’re delighted to be partnered with a company like Byju’s, which is also engaging communities and empowering young people wherever they may be in the world,” said Fifa’s chief commercial officer Kay Madati. “We look forward to supporting the promotion of Byju’s educational learning opportunities, as well as having them join the global drumbeat of excitement for the Fifa World Cup 2022 through its association with this groundbreaking tournament.”
“We are excited to be sponsoring the Fifa World Cup Qatar 2022, the biggest single-sport event in the world,” stated Byju’s founder and CEO Byju Raveendran. “It is a matter of pride for us to represent India on such a prestigious global stage and champion the integration of education and sport. Sport is a big part of life and brings together people across the world. Just as football inspires billions, we at Byju’s hope to inspire the love of learning in every child’s life through this partnership.”
The Fifa World Cup Qatar 2022 will take place between 21 November and 18 December.
Mumbai: Rage Coffee, a Delhi-based FMCG company that manufactures, markets, and distributes packaged coffee products has onboarded cricketer Virat Kohli as an investor and brand ambassador. With this association, the coffee brand said it seeks to entrench itself as a fan favourite in the market and create a pathway for customer acquisition.
“I’ve been using Rage Coffee products for some time, and I am excited to be a part of its growth journey. The team at Rage Coffee has shown high levels of business execution and stupendous growth over the last couple of years,” commented Virat Kohli. “Rage Coffee has developed some trailblazing products that conform with my innovative approach and align with my lifestyle. I see tremendous potential for the brand to become one of the most iconic coffee companies of our time.”
Previously, the digitally native coffee company had raised five million dollars of growth capital as part of its series-A funding round led by Sixth Sense Ventures in August 2021.
The brand is planning to expand its online presence and offline footprint pan-India and will utilise the fresh capital for marketing and distribution purposes, according to the statement. “Rage Coffee will use the funds to scale production, launch innovative new products and add senior management talent,” it added.
“Virat Kohli has set some unrivalled records in the top echelon of world cricket and is rightly known as the best batsman in the world,” said Rage Coffee founder and CEO Bharat Sethi, about roping in Virat Kohli as a brand ambassador and investor. “Apart from being a world-class athlete, Virat is also a fitness enthusiast who is committed to an attitude that fosters a healthy lifestyle and it seamlessly aligns with the ethos that Rage Coffee promotes. Our association with him sets us on a journey where we envision perfection through our constant efforts directed at being the best in our segment. Rage Coffee and Virat both share a mutual objective – to strive for excellence!”
Mumbai: Bengaluru based India’s e-commerce company, Meesho has curated a special Holi anthem ‘Anokhe Rang Meesho Ke Sang’ with a strong message of diversity and inclusivity. Capturing the essence of the festival, the song sung by acclaimed singer Sukhwinder Singh, aims to disregard stereotypical prejudice and unite people through colours.
The campaign is live across Meesho’s social media handles.
Conceptualised and executed by a digital-first marketing agency, DViO Digital, the campaign aims to instantly reach out to internet commerce platform’s consumers across the Indian Sub-continent with a feeling of absolute togetherness.
“As a brand, it has always been our endeavour to conceptualise campaigns which our consumers can resonate with,” Meesho VP and head of brand marketing Lucky Saini said. “Considering that each community has its way of celebrating the festival of colours, we wanted to create an inclusive message. When we commenced work on the song, Sukhwinder Singh was our obvious choice for his earthy voice, which has the power to evoke strong emotions amongst audiences. This campaign lands perfectly on our message of celebrating the power of diversity, which empowers us and binds us together as a country.”
The idea stemmed from Meesho’s core business proposition of connecting small businesses and individual entrepreneurs with pan-India customers in the brand’s ecosystem, said the statement.
Commenting on the campaign, DViO Digital founder and CEO Sowmya Iyer said, “India is a land of diverse culture and festivities, each of them is celebrated differently across the country. The colours of Holi denote the various facets of life, moods, emotions, seasons et al and that’s when we suggested, ‘Anokhe Rang Meesho ke Sang.’ It not only represents the rich culture of India but also highlights the core nature of the brand.”
Mumbai: One Moto India – a British brand of premium EVs in India has announced that it will be the associate sponsor of the Rajasthan Royals franchise.The brand has come on board as official EV partner in the two-wheeler segment for the upcoming Season 15 of IPL, starting 26 March.
As part of the association, One Moto India’s official logo will feature on the back of the Royals’ playing helmets and caps. The mobility company will also unveil the special range of limited edition One Moto two-wheelers – RR X One Moto. The association with the Royals will also see the Rajasthan-based franchise’s players encouraging their fan community to shift to Electric Vehicles and become a part of India’s EV revolution.
Furthermore, the brand will also give away custom design One Moto Rajasthan Royals limited edition scooter range across the Rajasthan Royals academies in Nagpur, Mumbai, Dubai, and the ones that open during the upcoming season.
One Moto has chosen to associate with the Royals for Season 15 as the team’s ethos are in sync with the brand’s ambition to promote sustainable solutions and create awareness. The brand has been on an aggressive spree on all the facets including associations with players like Global Assure, and back-to-back product launches including the EV two-wheelers – Byka, Commuta, Electa.
“Rajasthan Royals has always promoted an eco-friendly approach as a team. The Royals have also always adopted a sustainable approach with steps like opting for jerseys made of sustainable material. It has synergies with the brand One Moto, and the league could be an opportunity to educate masses about making an informed choice of switching to EVs,” said One Moto India partner and promoter Mohammed Muzammil Riyaz.
Rajasthan Royals CEO Jake Lush McCrum added, “We are delighted to welcome a globally recognised brand like One Moto on board. Their vision of providing sustainable yet stylish EV vehicles to consumers has a strong synergy with our central purpose of transforming society through the significant platform we have as an IPL franchise. Through this partnership, we are excited to help them further expand across India and around the world while creating a positive societal impact.”
“We are the first generation to be affected by climate change, therefore it is also our responsibility to do something about it. Switching to EVs is being driven in the form of a mission in India. If we can share the approach with people and motivate them towards making this lifestyle change, it will be a contribution to be remembered. With this thought in mind we have partnered with Rajasthan Royals,” stated One Moto India co-founder and partner Sameer Moidin.
Mumbai: Capri Global has signed a multi-year partnership with the Gujarat Titans, the newly formed Ahmedabad-based franchise in the Indian Premier League (IPL).
The Gujarat Titans will debut in the 15th season of the IPL. The partnership will see the Capri logo on the right chest of the Gujarat Titans’ official team jerseys.
“As the latest entrant into the IPL, the zeal to make a difference in a highly competitive cricket environment provides a unique opportunity for Gujarat Titans,” said Gujarat Titans chief operating officer Arvinder Singh. “We are happy to associate with Capri Global, a company that has been working successfully in India’s financial sector over the years. This strategic tie-up builds on the ethos of both brands, as both are poised for growth in their respective fields. Our joint debut in the IPL aims to pay tribute to the state’s rich cricketing legacy.”
Promoted by first-generation entrepreneur Rajesh Sharma, Capri Global has varied interests across sectors including key ventures such as a non-banking financial company, stressed assets fund and sports venture. Its subsidiary Capri Global Capital is a non-deposit-taking systemically important non-banking financial company with a $ one billion+ market cap, said the statement.
“Capri Global is happy to associate with Gujarat Titans,” said Capri Global Capital Limited managing director Rajesh Sharma. “We are at the cusp of introducing a new business vertical and through this partnership, we want to reach out to different audiences and create more awareness about our brand. We are confident that this association with Gujarat Titans will give an impetus to our brand recognition and recall. Gujarat has always been one of the key markets for us and the debut of Gujarat Titans marks our debut too in the IPL.”
Mumbai: Expanding its roster of IPL team sponsorships, digital-native insurers Acko Insurance has signed on as an associate sponsor for three teams – Kolkata Knight Riders, Gujarat Titans and Lucknow Supergiants.
“With this, the upcoming season will see Acko join forces with a total of six teams as their insurance partner, making it one of the key brands to be associated with the marquee event,” said the statement. The brand’s league sponsorship journey began with a partnership with Delhi Capitals in 2020, before expanding to include Mumbai Indians and Sunrisers Hyderabad.
As a part of the partnership, the players of Delhi Capitals, Sunrisers Hyderabad and Gujarat Titans will sport the Acko logo on their headgear (helmets/caps), while the players of the other three teams will have the logo on their trousers. The logo will also be prominently visible in the stadium where the teams are playing, according to the brand.
“This cricketing league is a great sporting property and to be able to associate our brand with six of the teams gives us tremendous brand visibility,” said Acko executive VP – marketing Ashish Mishra, commenting on the partnerships. “These six cities are also core markets for us. With our on-ground activations, our aim is to bring the fans closer to the teams that they have loved over the years with interactive, community-driven activities. We hope to positively impact the fans’ lives, and in doing so, not just secure brand awareness, but build lasting brand love and loyalty.”
The association with the teams will be amplified with a 360-degree campaign across television, digital and social media platforms, which will run throughout the course of the tournament. Acko has also planned a series of activations across platforms for engaging with fans and driving brand recall.
Moreover, Acko will create localised experiences in the six cities for bringing fans closer to the teams they love. As an associate sponsor, the insurer will give away signed merchandise of the teams through contests and events that the brand plans on organising.
Commenting on the association, Kolkata Knight Riders CMO Binda Dey said, “The partnership with Acko is yet another step towards KKR’s commitment to bring the fans closer to the team. We look forward to engaging with our fans especially in Kolkata and other cities through various initiatives planned across this season.”
Gujarat Titans and Lucknow Supergiants are two new franchises, making their debut in the fifteenth edition of the tournament.
Lucknow Super Giants CEO Raghu Iyer said, “ We are delighted to partner with Acko for the upcoming season. We are grateful for their confidence in our new franchise and are optimistic that this will be a mutually beneficial association for both brands.”
“This cricketing league is synonymous with excellence and Acko represents that quality of India’s new-age businesses. We believe that is the cornerstone of our partnership,” added Gujarat Titans chief operating officer Arvinder Singh.
Waterproofing protects your house from damage caused by water and extreme weather exposure.
Did you know that water infiltration is the major cause of damage to concrete, masonry, and natural stone structures? Incessant rains or leaking water pipes can lead to seepage, which can damage your home. This water infiltration results in problems like a musty odour, ugly patches on the exterior walls, formation of mould, mildew, and efflorescence, bubbles under the wall paint and weakening of the structure of your home. All these problems can be avoided by using scientifically developed waterproofing products like putty and coatings.
Scientific All the Way- No Gyaan, Only Vigyan
Ever bought readymade dresses or trousers? They don’t fit as well as clothes that have been custom-stitched for you, right? Similarly, there is no one-size-fits-all solution for your waterproofing needs. Berger waterproofing experts truly believe in No Gyaan, Only Vigyan. Hence, they use only scientific waterproofing which begins with identifying the problem, determining the extent of moisture in the roof, floor and walls, and only then finding the best fit solution.
This also means that the products used need to be scientifically developed too for maximum effectiveness. Waterproofing is not only important to the well-being of your family but also for the structural integrity of your home. This means you need products that have been developed after extensive research of materials and properties that best address the problem at its source.
What Does Scientific Waterproofing Include?
Berger Home Shield Experts will use a Home Shield Moisture Meter to determine the extent of the moisture trapped in the walls, roof and floor. A reading of 0 to 5 indicates the lowest moisture content and regular treatment will do the job. Regular surface preparation and painting with superior quality paints will give your home a beautiful sheen for years to come.
A reading of 6 to 10 means your walls need waterproof putty and sealer. It’s a good idea to choose a waterproof putty that has excellent water repellent and anti-efflorescence properties. Berger Seal-O-Prime is the only product in India that has a triple booster formulation to fight against dampness, efflorescence, and alkalinity. It also forms a superior undercoat on which the paint topcoat can be directly applied.
A reading of 11 to 25 on the Moisture Meter means your walls need additional protection. So, besides waterproof putty and sealer, Berger Wall Shield 2k can be used as a protective undercoat that imparts water tightness within gaps and cracks in the surface. This ensures good bonding and prevents moisture from passing through the gaps.
If the reading is more than 25, experts may recommend Berger Dampstop, which is a superior quality polymer that can automatically transform into solid nano crystals when it comes into contact with moisture. These crystals block the pores in your walls. The coating is perfectly breathable, which means it allows water vapour to pass through, while blocking water, to prevent any pressure build-up.
If the Moisture Meter shows a reading of more than 25 and rising dampness, your walls may need an injection sealer, in addition to the above products.
Signs You Need Waterproofing
The damage caused by water infiltration increases over time. Watch out for signs that will allow you to take care of the problem early.
1. A musty smell – A high level of moisture results in the growth of mould and mildew. This creates a distinct musty smell.
2. Stains on walls and ceilings – Dark or greenish spots, patches, or streaks on the walls are an indication that water has seeped into them. Repairing the affected area with Berger waterproofing products before you paint your home can prevent the recurrence of these stains.
3. Cracks and bubbling – If you notice cracks on the walls or see the paint bubbling or peeling off, it means there is a high level of moisture.
4. High humidity – Is your home feeling more humid than normal? That could mean water infiltration in your walls.
5. Efflorescence – The appearance of a white powdery substance on your walls indicates the presence of water-soluble salts.
6. Broken flooring – In case the concrete floors appear uneven, high moisture is the culprit. Similarly, tiles tend to loosen when moisture seeps in.
Why Do You Need Scientific Waterproofing?
Choosing non-toxic, eco-friendly, and superior quality products can offer you long-lasting benefits, such as:
⮚ Protecting the structural integrity of your home.
⮚ Helping the paint stay bright and good-as-new for longer.
⮚ Keeping your walls looking smooth and clean,
⮚ Preventing health issues that arise from mould and mildew growth, such as allergies, asthma and upper respiratory conditions.
⮚ Reducing indoor humidity
Different areas of your home will need customised solutions for waterproofing. For instance, Berger Proshield-P/H/F is perfect for waterproofing basements, terrace gardens, and car parking. Water retaining structures like swimming pools and water tanks need a waterproofing product like Berger Paints’ Latex Shield 2K. Before painting the roof, waterproofing it with Berger’s Home Shield Solutions is a great idea. So, leave the inspection and decision making to Berger Express painting experts who have years of experience in following a scientific approach to all your waterproofing needs.
Mumbai: Homegrown audio and smartphone accessories brand boAt has roped in actor Rashmika Mandanna to promote its wearables category and TRebel collection. The brand has launched a special campaign called #DanceThroughLife to celebrate International Women’s Day.
With this campaign, the brand has launched an exclusive range of pop-coloured smartwatches designed specifically for women as a part of TRebel collection. Furthermore, the campaign aims to depict how women are doing away with the closeted ideology of what they are expected to be. “Starting 8 March, boAt will add its smartwatches (Vertex, Mercury, Matrix, Blaze and Xtend) to the TRebel collection and unveil the latest limited edition watch straps in various shades,” said the statement.
“Rashmika is cheerful and fits very well into the brand ethos of boAt with her millennial stance. Through this partnership, we intend to establish our presence in the southern market, along with strengthening our position in the smartwatches category,” said Imagine Marketing Ltd co-founder and CMO Aman Gupta.
Excited about this new partnership, Rashmika Mandanna added, “’For young India today, boAt represents an audience of choice who are looking to make a statement with their choice of accessories. It’s a brand whose values I admire and identify with as they are walking the talk. I am thrilled to be a part of the boAt family.”
The TRebel campaign was launched on Women’s Day last year with eminent faces like Kiara Advani, Bani J and Raja Kumari amongst others. The collection is available on Amazon and Flipkart, and boAt’s website.
Mumbai: Its that time of the year when brands across categories serenade the fairer sex with the customary promotional offers and endless freebies. And if that isn’t enough, there are campaigns launched with themes raking up every possible ‘women’s issues’ one can think of. Yes, it’s the 8th of March and with yet another International Women’s Day (IWD) upon us, the annual trend of a marketing blitzkrieg continues unabated. The occasion today has become as big as a festival, and one of the prime events in a brand’s marketing calendar.
Brands and marketers using special days to connect with their TG is, of course, as old as advertising lore. And with women comprising nearly 50 per cent of a target consumer group, while also being principal stakeholders when it comes to critical purchases and decision-making in a household, brands, naturally, are keen to serve their cause. Advertising, however, is just one aspect of a brand. True commitment means investment of time, money as well as resources.
So just, how much are brands actually investing on Women’s Day?
“Lifestyle and fashion/apparel brands are one of the biggest spenders, spending in crores leading to the day,” notes Tonic Worldwide national strategy director Anjali Malthankar. “On the other hand, you have high impact influencers, collaborations, contests and giveaways – these activities are spent in lakhs.” So, it’s either a performance campaign to drive sales or an impact campaign to participate with a point of view in the Women’s Day conversation.
“We anticipate the advertising budgets for Women’s Day to be similar to last year and not significantly higher,” say Lyxel&Flamingo co-founder, CEO Dev Batra and creative director – copy Nishant Singh. “As a practice, Women’s Day narratives tend to be longer and thus the majority of the brands will end up advertising only on digital formats only and not that much on television,” add the duo.
This is also a time when brands try to up the engagement quotient by running contests and giveaways. Some even indulge in banter with other brands on social media as a way to garner share of voice or grab attention.
“There has been a shift in thinking by many brands whose core target audience are women,” believes White Rivers Media head of client partnerships Darrell Fernandes. “While most are still trying to communicate offerings, for some brands it’s an opportunity to create an emotional connect with women. It also allows us to deliver a far more engaging message which is not possible otherwise in the product campaigns.”
“What a brand should not do is force fit their business agenda in something that doesn’t land well on the brand philosophy or product,” Fernandes asserts.
This thought is echoed by Jayshree Sundar, the advertising veteran and author of “Don’t forget 2004” – a book on crafting a blockbuster marketing strategy for a political campaign. “The consumer today is able to see through shallow messaging that makes him/her buy something by offering freebies. They know when it’s a gimmick,” she says, adding that, “I think the way for brands to make a significant mark is by using the day to announce something more long-term that you’re doing for women, or how your brand supports women- What’s being done regarding women’s issues or to empower them, to make equality happen- things like that- if brands can dig a little deeper and it’s not a message just for that day.”
Sundar cites examples of brands like Dove and Tanishq which have been doing amazing campaigns around relevant themes for women, not only around Women’s Day but throughout the year. “If such a brand does something on Women’s Day, It will be accepted with open hands because that’s what they have been doing consistently. That’s the key to long-term returns,” she remarks.
While several leading brands have released video content focusing on women-related themes apart from recognising their contribution- while directly or subtly integrating their products in it, a very small percentage of brands practice such focused curated content as a consistent feature.
“The number of women-focused D2C brands who have grown astronomically in the last two years or so, could have taken the lead and become flag bearers of such campaigns but the expected action hasn’t yet taken place with IWD already upon us,” affirm Dev Batra and Nishant Singh. “However, we still witness a lot of brands doing tactical interventions – like a post or rolling out an offer closer to International Women’s Day. Sadly, they continue to simply acknowledge the day without doing much beyond.”
According to Mankind Pharma general manager – sales and marketing Joy Chatterjee, generating campaigns that are relevant in the day-to-day lifestyle of consumers helps the brand to connect and be more relevant to them. “For us, our target audience is not only women but rather every member of the household. We believe in connecting to households while spreading awareness, intense market penetration and a strong social media presence,” he says.
The company has released a Women’s Day campaign for its brand Prega News #SheCanCarryBoth. The campaign video depicts a relatable conversation between four women at different stages of life talking about balancing motherhood and a demanding career. “Our Women’s Day campaign 2022 showcases how society at large assumes that it’s difficult for women to nurture motherhood and be working professionals at the same time.”
He further adds, “Our budget for the entire campaign has been kept minimal, maintaining our focus on the content that was being produced and its amplification.”
The brand has onboarded four celebrity influencers and 15 macro-influencers who are mothers themselves and who share their stories to help the brand reach a wider audience. For better reach and mass society penetration the campaign has been launched in several regional languages.
For many of the women-centric brands, days like women’s day are not targeted towards amplifying their sales but rather in generating brand awareness. “Our actual ROI through the campaign will be more aware and sensitised to the masses. Being category leaders we believe that it’s our responsibility to educate the masses and talk about our consumer’s issues,” says Chatterjee.
With social media being the new normal, most brands also try to maximise use of that space by collaborating with Instagram or YouTube influencers and content creators to touch base with their customers and also create more customer base in the time to come. Marketers believe these campaigns and initiatives undertaken on special occasions helps garner more attention from the prospective audience, resulting in increased sales. “These initiatives help create awareness. Therefore, it is better and more beneficial than an advertisement in the long run,” says The Haelli founder Neha Sahu. “The unique content curated for the customers increases customer engagement and is shared further with family and friends with similar interests, helping us expand our peripherals.”
Fynd, a tech-first omnichannel platform, has crafted a campaign called #LeadLikeHer that aims to shed a spotlight on the leaders behind the brands on the platform. “Through this campaign, we wanted our audience to have a sneak-peek into the stories of the women who create the products that make them look fabulous.” says the Fynd co-founder Farooq. “The impact of a campaign such as #LeadLikeHer is beyond mere ROI and profitability. The power & authenticity of women in leadership roles is something Fynd truly believes in. Through this campaign, our aim is to start a conversation on the disproportionate male to female ratio in leadership roles. And act as a catalyst to push for gender equality and close the gap.”
To mark the occasion of Women’s Day, Candere by Kalyan Jewellers has come out with an inclusive campaign for its latest ‘Aadya’ collection, featuring diverse women, regardless of their age, size or appearance. The film is a shoutout against ageism and body shaming, signifying that every woman should celebrate and embrace themselves. The brand is also taking initiatives to celebrate real women on platforms such as Linkedin. “We are also getting in touch with platforms and are celebrating the women who have dared to keep their heads high and took charge of their own journey reaching for the stars,” says founder and CEO of the jewel-tech brand Rupesh Jain.
The brand believes its ‘Return on Investment’ is through its marketing standpoint. “When the communication of our campaign reaches our TG and when our audience connects with our Vision and Mission.” He adds, “Our brand vision is first to create understanding and relatability for our audience, engage them with our brand, and then create communication with them, which keeps them connected with our brand for the long run.”
So how can brands ensure a deeper connect with their TG on Women’s Day?
“First of all, don’t miss the trees for the woods,” says Tonic Worldwide’s Anjali Malthankar. “If you are a brand celebrating her only for a day to ride on a marketing opportunity and ignoring her issues for the rest of the year, then this can damage a long-term relationship with her. Stay focused and sincere.”
“I think slowly the brand world is opening up to campaigns which raise awareness and solutions about real issues like property ownership rights or breaking the bias in hiring etc and recognition campaigns, celebrating real women heroes- and not limited to doing gimmicky promotions only,” she adds.
Today women have become more conscious and they want brands that think like them. Especially younger millennials and GenZ respond to brands that are more humane, more empathetic and those who take a stand on pressing social issues. While sweepstakes and offers may come and go, and depending on the category, it may even increase sales, but scratching the surface runs the risk of either being forgotten or not noticed at all or worse – being called out.
Campaigns that are curated to start a genuine conversation and not just to jump on the marketing bandwagon give the consumer a deeper understanding of what the brand is and what it stands for. It all boils down to whether the brand can really walk the talk or not, believe the marketers.
Mumbai: With ad volumes of 4557.7 (against last week’s 4940.43), FMCG firm Hindustan Unilever was the top advertiser in the eight week of 2022 (19 to 25 February), according to Barc data. It was followed by Reckitt Benckiser at 2917.61.
All set to ride the upcoming summer wave and the next IPL season, Beverage company Coca Cola India delivered ad volumes of 1184.0 to emerge as the third most prolific advertiser in the eight week.
Godrej Group, Cadbury’s India, Pepsi Foods (G), Procter & Gamble, Colgate Palmolive India, ITC and GSK Group of Companies followed, in that order.
The brands list signalled the arrival of summer with three beverage brands, all belonging to the Coca Cola Company. While the mango-based drink Maaza was at No. one with ad volumes of 427.85, Thums Up (263.38) and Coca Cola (257.3) were at number six and eight. All of them were new entrants in this week.
Harpic Power Plus 10X Max Clean (407.9) and Mortein Insta (new entrant with 293.64) occupied the second and third slots.
They were followed by Amazon.in and Ultratech Cement at the fourth and fifth spots. Colgate Vedshakti debuted at the seventh rank. Moov Strong Diclofenac Gel and Sabse Pehle Life Insurance, a new entrant again, grabbed the last two positions